Painful Love in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye - Literature Essay Samples

When discussing Toni Morrison and her novels, it’s tempting to talk about race since her body of work addresses that subject in such powerful ways. However, in an interview, Morrison stated that she actually writes â€Å"about the same thing†¦which is how people relate to one another and miss it or hang on to†¦or are tenacious about love† (Otten 653). In her first novel, The Bluest Eye, Morrison tells the story of two families that are informed and affected by love in drastically different ways. While love is generally thought to involve pleasure, pain oftentimes is used in conjunction with love in the novel, modifying and complicating it. By situating pain and love in the same sentiment, Morrison seems to suggest that love, when at its most sincere and poignant, is tinged with some sort of pain. She examines the interaction between pain and familial and sexual love in her novel The Bluest Eye leading the reader to realize the different ways that love and pain interact with each other, and that love, by nature, is inherently painful.The novel begins in autumn, where Claudia, who has come down with a cold, talks about the routines and rituals in which her mother engages to make her better. The scene is full of potential pain: Claudia remembers that her mother’s hands were â€Å"large and rough† as she rubs Vicks salve on her small chest and that her younger self was â€Å"rigid with pain;† she remembers the misplaced anger of her mother as she talks to the vomit â€Å"calling it [her] name: Claudia† (11). The love Claudia’s mother displays for her is a complicated one, involving both care and chastisement, soothing and scolding. Claudia claims that she did not know that her mother was â€Å"not angry at [her], but at [her] sickness†, complicating her memory and the role her mother played in this scene, as well as in her childhood (11). In retrospect, however, Claudia realizes that the pain her mot her caused her, the rough hands and the reprimands, were all manifestations of love. Claudia asks herself: â€Å"But was it really like that? As painful as I remember? Only mildly. Or rather, it was a productive and fructifying pain†¦ So when I think of autumn, I think of somebody with hands who does not want me to die† (12). Claudia, though she remembers the pain of being weak and sick, also recalls that â€Å"feet padded into the room, hands repinned the flannel, readjusted the quilt, and rested a moment on [her] forehead† (12). While her time in bed was painful and humiliating, the care and love Claudia receives from her mother in particular made that pain an integral part of her sickness. Claudia experiences the pains of being sick in conjunction with familial love, making the acts of love she encounters all the more poignant and treasured. She remembers her mother’s hands, rough at first, then gentler later, tucking her in and checking her forehead for fever. By comparing the pain she experiences at the rough yet loving nature of her mother to the tenderness of the affection and emotion behind those actions, Claudia experiences her mother’s love more than the coinciding pain, as evidenced by her memories, which are more sweet in texture than bitter. Claudia remembers spring in her childhood as well, and how the pain of punishment changed. Her parents disciplined her and Frieda differently in the spring, using new saplings and branches still green from growth to whip the girls. Claudia informs the reader that â€Å"there was a nervous meanness in those long twigs that made us long for the steady stroke of a strap or the firm but honest slap of a hairbrush† (97). The mean, wet anger of her parents in the springtime makes Claudia yearn for another type of pain. She does not yearn for a soft pillow, a warm bath, or even the rough love of her mother’s weathered hands. Rather, Claudia knows that pain is inevitable because it accompanies her parents’ love for her and her sister. So, instead she develops a preference for pain, classifying autumn’s familiar pain as superior to spring’s newer, more unpredictable pain. Claudia, therefore, creates a sophisticated and complex hierarchy of pain, where the lack of pain is not an issue because lack of pain means lack of love, and Claudia would prefer the pain of love to the absence of either.Pecola’s experience with familial love is entirely different; it involves pain in a darker sense, and while it might be easier to discard Pecola’s situation as one of hatred or evil, love is still there, glowing weakly in the embers of her broken family. While the MacTeers protect and love their daughters fiercely, the Breedloves are not sure how to love their children, because they hate themselves. The Breedloves have always been told they are ugly and that perceived ugliness, oftentimes rooted in racial identity, simply breeds m ore ugliness and pain. In the book’s pivotal scene, Cholly Breedlove, rapes Pecola and, interestingly enough, we aren’t given Pecola’s perspective, but, rather, Cholly’s. By presenting us with Cholly’s viewpoint, Morrison is again emphasizing the significance and presence of love in the scene. By presenting the scene through his eyes, we can see Cholly’s intentions, fueled and informed by a desire to love his child. If the scene was presented to the reader through Pecola’s eyes, we would almost certainly be unable to see past the pain caused by the rape. So as Cholly sees Pecola washing dishes, looking defeated and browbeaten, he tries to love her the only way he knows how. Though he at first feels uncomfortable, eventually the â€Å"discomfort dissolved into pleasure. The sequence of his emotions was revulsion, guilt, pity, then love† (161). Cholly then rapes his daughter, trying to relieve her pain by replacing it with his lo ve. The scene even causes Cholly some physical pain: â€Å"Removing himself from her was so painful to him he cut it short and snatched his genitals out of the dry harbor of her vagina† (163). Pecola internalizes the pain of the rape, eventually driven mad by her suffering and lack of agency as evidenced in her internal monologue and implicit split personality near the book’s close. She is robbed of the pleasure of sex and, instead, must experience the pain of rape, a violation by her father who is only trying to love her. Cholly’s love, in this case, breeds pain. In an interview, Morrison asserted that â€Å"sometimes good looks like evil; and sometimes evil looks like good,† but â€Å"evil is as useful as good† (Otten 664). For many readers, the evil of Cholly’s act disguises his underlying love for his daughter. However, Morrison wants us to consider the rape as a desperate act of love. Morrison explained her intentions behind Pecola†™s rape by her father: I want you to look at him and see his love for his daughter and his powerlessness to help her pain. By that time his embrace, the rape, is all the gift he has left (Otten 654). As difficult as it may be, we must consider Pecola’s rape a perverted, highly misdirected act of love. Even Claudia recognizes Cholly’s actions as loving, albeit years after the rape: â€Å"Cholly loved her. I’m sure he did. He, at any rate, was the one who loved her enough to touch her, envelop her, give something of himself to her† (206). Morrison goes on to say, â€Å"people do all sorts of things under [love’s] guise. The violence is a distortion of what, perhaps, we want to do. With the best intentions in the world we can do enormous harm† (Otten 652). While Cholly’s love is distorted, destructive, and harmful, it is still love. As he nibbles the flesh of his daughter’s leg and forces himself on her, he believes he is lovin g Pecola, not considering the pain he is inflicting upon her. In his attempt to relieve her pain, he tragically causes more.Since the book’s perspective is mainly that of a young girl’s, the idea of romantic or sexual love is both entirely unknown and equally appealing; Claudia, especially, is intrigued by the idea of loving a man and having a man love her. Even after she finds Frieda greatly distressed and emotional after being molested by Mr. Henry, Claudia can’t help but wonder what it was like to be touched by a man, disregarding her sister’s emotional state and asking candid questions about what the molestation felt like, even displaying displeasure that she â€Å"don’t have nothing to pinch† (100). Claudia searches for romance and pleasure in her sister’s pain, convinced it is there somewhere. Claudia finds suffering for love romantic and is unable to distinguish between the kind of love she envisions and the molestation that Fr ieda undergoes. Claudia finds Frieda crying and assumes that Mr. Henry hurt her physically, asking her sister, â€Å"What’d he do? Just walk up and pinch them?† (100). Claudia assumes that Mr. Henry’s â€Å"love† had to hurt Frieda somehow because love seems to be tightly bound to pain.Claudia’s notions about pain and love are also informed by the blues song her mother sings. As a child, Claudia hears her mother â€Å"sing about hard times, bad times, and somebody-done-gone-and-left-me times. But her voice was so sweet and her singing-eyes so melty I found myself longing for those hard times, yearning to be grown without ‘a thin di-i-ime to my name’† (25). While the song her mother sings is one full of sorrow and pain, the pleasure Claudia garners from her mother’s singing and the beauty of her voice cause Claudia to yearn for the kind of love that breaks one’s heart. In this moment, Claudia realizes the power and promise of love—if nothing else, it will break the heart and cause one so much pain, the only relief will be a song. Claudia longs for a romantic love so profound that it leaves her pain-stricken:â€Å"I looked forward to the delicious time when â€Å"my man† would leave me, when I would â€Å"hate to see that evening sun go down†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ‘cause then I would know â€Å"my man has left this town.† Misery colored by the greens and blues in my mother’s voice took all of the grief out of the words and left me with a conviction that pain was not only endurable, it was sweet† (25-26). Claudia learns from her mother’s bittersweet song that true love is painful; the song is complex, speaking of painful things in a haunting and beautiful manner. Claudia—along with the reader—realizes the wonderful complexity of love lies in its complicated relationship with pain.Pecola is also ignorant of what love is, both sexual and famili al. While she sits with the prostitutes that live above her apartment, Pecola muses on the nature of love, eventually turning to the only example of love she knows: her parents. â€Å"Into her eyes came the picture of Cholly and Mrs. Breedlove in bed. He making sounds as through he were in pain, as though something had him by the throat and wouldn’t let go†¦Maybe that was love. Choking sounds and silence† (57). The act of sex, something universally regarded as a pleasurable experience and something done out of love, is characterized as painful, even deadly. The procreation and pleasure of intercourse is lost in this scene, replaced with the dark terror and pain of looming suffocation and death. The painful noises that escape Cholly during sex with his wife remind Pecola of someone being suffocated. The pleasure of sex seems to be completely replaced with the pain of choking in this scene, leaving Pecola with the impression that love is a kind of asphyxiationâ€⠀a very painful experience, indeed. This early description of Cholly’s love and sex causing more harm than good also serves to prophesize the circumstances surrounding Pecola’s rape, which involves the same convoluted relationship between love and pain.While Claudia and Pecola both experience love and the pain it brings, the relationship between love and pain changes significantly within these experiences. Claudia experiences love laced with a sweet pain. The pain that Claudia feels and anticipates is an intensifier—it augments the love, not changing it, but enhancing it. Claudia, because of the love she receives from her family, knows that love, at its most intense, can hurt profoundly. The pain caused by such intense love is appealing to Claudia, bittersweet and sublime. Pecola, on the other hand, experiences love in a far more sinister sense. Cholly loves his daughter arguably as much as the MacTeers love Claudia and Frieda, but the balance of pain and love is off in his exhibition. Whereas the MacTeers love so deeply that it hurts, Cholly loves in a way that causes pain. In the case of the Breedloves, pain does not serve to augment or enhance love, but rather engulfs and overpowers it to the point where the reader has difficulty seeing love because it is so heavily obscured by the pain it causes.According to Morrison, she began writing The Bluest Eye with the ideas of â€Å"beauty, miracles, and self-imagery† in mind (Otten 653). At its core, though, the novel is really a story about the extents and limits of love. The Bluest Eye depicts love as a series of actions or emotions that breed pain in some manner. The occasion for this painful love could be partially tied to the self-deprecating and racial issues that underlie the story, but to limit the relationship to a simple cause and effect would be to do Morrison’s portrayal of painful love a disservice. The love depicted in The Bluest Eye is important because, in some s ense, it is ordinary. Suffering for love is not a new notion; the commonplace term â€Å"heartache,† in fact, synthesizes the two sentiments seamlessly in one word. The way in which Morrison presents such love, however, so that a rape can be interpreted as an act of love, is revolutionary. Both Claudia and Pecola experience familial and sexual love in starkly different ways, and both endure the pain that accompanies such love. The differences in their experiences lie in the interactions between love and pain—where one ends and the other begins.Works CitedMorrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Vintage Books, Random House, Inc., 1970. Print.Otten, Terry. â€Å"Horrific Love in Toni Morrison’s Fiction.† Modern Fiction Studies 39.3-4 (1993): 651-667. Project MUSE. Web. 22 November 2009.

The, The Gray Ghost, By Harper Lee - 1366 Words

Completing the Puzzle Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, a novel about a young girl growing up in the racist South, tests one’s ethics and delves into some of the more profound human principles. The story of Maycomb, a sleepy Southern town, is rooted with the values, lessons, and symbolism of Harper Lee. Throughout the novel Harper Lee pays attention to even the smallest details, making sure that all writing has a purpose. That said, there are three books that Harper Lee mentions: Ivanhoe, The Gray Ghost, and Blackstone’s Commentaries. Although seemingly insignificant, the books that appear in To Kill a Mockingbird have symbolic and very much significant meanings, reinforcing what has been written, revealing parts of the novel, and†¦show more content†¦Mrs. Dubose won†¦ She was the bravest person I ever knew† (149). Atticus is subtly telling the story of Ivanhoe, reinforcing the struggles of both Mrs. Dubose and Wilfred of Ivanhoe. Ultimately, these characters act courageously, and despite not being accepted originally, regain the respect of their doubters as their true nature shows through. Blackstone’s Commentaries, one of the most important books on British Law (as well as an important influence on American Law), was written by Sir William Blackstone in an attempt to allow common folk to read and understand the law. Calpurnia briefly mentions the book while Jem and Scout are wondering how she and her son, Zeebo, learned to read and write, explaining that Blackstone’s Commentaries is influential in her ability to speak â€Å"proper† English., â€Å"Jem was thunderstruck†¦ ‘That’s why you don’t talk like the rest of ‘em’† (166-167). Jem comes to this realization after Calpurnia’s explanation, and understands what distinguishes her speech from that of other African-Americans of Maycomb. Although not made explicit in her writing, Harper Lee intends for Blackstone’ s Commentaries to be interpreted directly as an object symbolizing the law. As a result, the factor that differentiates Calpurnia and Zeebo from other African-Americans is not that they are literate and have the ability to speak proper English, but that they know the law. However, the importance of this does not stopShow MoreRelatedThemes Found in Harper Lee ´s To Kill a Mockingbird843 Words   |  3 Pagesto confront the challenges, paradoxes, problems and painful reality of an insecure world.† In Harper Lee’s book, To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper lee sends many messages to the reader. Set in a fictitious town in Alabama in the 1930’s, one obvious theme is racism. However, while racism was the most obvious theme, it wasn’t the only one; other themes included innocence, understanding and growing up. Harper Lee also suggests how a person should react to problems around them. She shows us this through herRead MoreExamples Of The Gray Ghost In To Kill A Mock ingbird1116 Words   |  5 PagesOver forty million copies of Harper Lee’s Pulitzer Prize winning novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, sold globally since it was published in 1960. The Finch family live in the county of Maycomb, and life seems normal until their father, Atticus, takes on a controversial court case. Tom Robinson, a black man, is being accused by a white man named Bob Ewell for a crime that Tom did not commit. The Finch children have to adapt to the rising racist actions and allegations throughout the book. There is a symbolicRead MoreThe Sin in Ideology1395 Words   |  6 Pageshis children after they are gifted with air rifles for Christmas. Notably, the title of this American classic, To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, is taken from a seemingly insignificant excerpt. However, if read carefully, the reader begins to understand that this is just one other example out of a plethora of symbolism. Set in a Depression-era Southern town, Lee features various themes, though the novel focuses on various forms of prejudice. It brings forth the idea that prejudice, in any form isRead MoreMaturation: Once a Child, No More in To Killing a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1112 Words   |  5 Pagesand knowledge. Three characters, Jem, Scout, and Dill in the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee living during the Depression-era in Maycomb County, deal with the harsh reality of Maycomb’s racism and prejudice while maturing through gaining knowledge, experience, and courage. The kids grow up learning many lessons from Atticus or from their own experiences. In her depiction of Jem, Scout, and Dill, Lee reveals their maturation from being the children they are to having a thorough understandingRead MoreThe Forms of True Bravery800 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom success and achieving our dreams or what we believe is right to us, but it is weak and thin when standing against courage, and once it is defeated, those barriers dissipate. But the main question i s how can we conquer fear and in what form? In Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, it illustrates the forms of courage that exist in the main characters through the conflicts and barriers they constantly come across, and how they try to approach them and solve them. Therefore, it is clear, andRead MoreTo Kill a Mocking Bird Essay example620 Words   |  3 PagesThrough the course of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, Jem encounters a series of events that cause him to grow up. During Tom Robinson’s trial, Jem’s eyes were opened to the racism and prejudice of the South: loss of innocence, a major theme in the novel, is a realization of the cruelty and injustice in the world, and that one must develop a tolerance for it. Jem is young and carefree in the beginning of the novel. He is just starting to take on the responsibilities of an older brother:Read MoreHow Empathy Is Important And How It Will Affect Society2045 Words   |  9 Pagesperson: in a word, empathy. The arts enable us to put ourselves in the minds, eyes, ears and hearts of other human beings.† Empathy can change a person. They have a better attitude towards others and allows them to put themselves in another s shoes. Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird shows how empathy is important and how it will affect society. The novel, which takes place in Alabama in the 1930s, is narrated by a young girl named Scout who lives with her older brother Jem, and her father, AtticusRead MoreMaturity of Scout in to Kill a Mockingbird2181 Words   |  9 Pagesare’† (James, Boy Assaults Gay Student as Cellphone Captures Attack). In a perfect society, everyone would accept each other and not judge others based on appearance or social status. However, today many people still face the problem of acceptance. Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, illustrates how others can learn to be accepting from the characters in the novel. Scout leaves her naà ¯ve childhood behind and changes to into an accepting young adult through with the help of Boo Radley, Tom RobinsonRead MoreJem Character Analysis1101 Words   |  5 PagesWho was Jeremy (Jem) Finch or in other words, who had he become towards the end of the novel? In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Jem was one of the most important character throughout the novel.In my perspective, Jem was a noble and brave kid and grew up way too fast for his age. In the beginning of the novel, he was barely 10 years old and in the end, he was nearly 13 years old. He had experienced difficult life time events that changed his life and he understood how life was backRead MoreThe Great Divorce and The Divine Comedy3095 Words   |  13 Pagesthe rhym e for the first and third lines in the following tercet† (Poetic Form). Lewis’s text however is written in prose, presenting various places ranging from the â€Å"gray town† to â€Å"the valley of the shadow of life†, which are Lewis’s depictions of hell and the foothills of heaven respectively. Nevertheless, Matthew Swift, citing Alan Lee Brewer’s dissertation states that, â€Å"Despite radical structural differences, Lewis’s afterlife seems to mirror Dante’s afterlife as the direct product of continued choice

Loyalty Card Proposal - 1742 Words

PROPOSAL TO IMPLEMENT A CUSTOMER REWARDS PROGRAM THROUGH EXPRESS MART PLUS CARD Abstract Due to the increase in competition in the Retail Industry, we must impose a new marketing strategy to retain our current customers. Our main strategy is to create a reward program for customers through XM Plus Card Rewards Program. Achieving the above will allow us to retain our current customers by motivating them to frequently buy from Xpress Mart. I. Introduction Modern marketing revolves around the Customer. It is an old and by-now universally accepted concept that the Customer is the King. In recent years, the competition for customers has led many companies in the retail industry to implement a customer rewards program and provide†¦show more content†¦2.2.1.3 Exchanging accumulated points for XM Gift Certificates: Step 1. Encode the number of the gift certificate using the barcode reader Step 2. Press the XM button on the P.O.S. counter to deduct the necessary points from the XM Plus Card. Step 3. Instruct the customer to sign their name on the duplicate receipt. Step 4. Keep the receipt for record purposes and turn them over to the respective Store Supervisor. 2.2.2 Management Training The Programmer is responsible for designing the XM Plus Card Rewards Program, incorporating the program into the current Point-of-Sale System, designing the software that will create each XM Plus Card and training the Area Accountants on the XM Plus Card Rewards Program. Schedule of Training The Area Accountants will be sent to the Head Office and will be trained by the Programmer regarding the XM Loyalty Card Rewards Program following the schedule below: Registration 8:00 am Overview of the XM Plus Card 9:00 am POS Instructions on assigning points for each sale 9:30 am Validity of XM Plus Card 10:00 am Methods of redeeming rewards for points earned 10:30 am Printing the card 11:00 am The Store Managers and Store Supervisors will be trained by their respective Area Accountants on the XM Plus Card system using the following schedule: Store Managers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Monday 8:00 am - 11:00 am Store Supervisors †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Tuesday 8:00 am - 11:00 am CounterShow MoreRelatedLoyalty Card Proposal1728 Words   |  7 PagesPROPOSAL TO IMPLEMENT A CUSTOMER REWARDS PROGRAM THROUGH EXPRESS MART PLUS CARD Abstract Due to the increase in competition in the Retail Industry, we must impose a new marketing strategy to retain our current customers. Our main strategy is to create a reward program for customers through XM Plus Card Rewards Program. Achieving the above will allow us to retain our current customers by motivating them to frequently buy from Xpress Mart. I. Introduction Modern marketing revolvesRead MoreInitial Design Of The Con Man Project1232 Words   |  5 PagesFrench toast Mafia Tutor: Rene Leaveux Table of Contents î ¿ ¿Management Summary Project Goals Initial (Original) Proposal Revised (Your Individual) Proposal State-of-the-art Technologies (in your individual solution) Appendixes Appendix A – Diagram / Specification, etc î ¿ ¾  Management Summary Please provide a summary of the information detailed throughout this project proposal. As requested by SITP Ltd, I’ve been reviewing and updating the specifications of the Con Man Project which wasRead MoreCineplex Entertainment1598 Words   |  7 Pagesthe one-time fees and rewards)? The reward programs as depicted in exhibit 5 are evaluated as below in terms of retail value they offer to customers of Cineplex entertainment. The obvious intention of the reward program is to enhance customer loyalty by rewarding them for their repeated, frequent patronage. Therefore, we will consider the discount percentage for 10 adult movie purchases and 10 concession combo purchases as our reference than a single purchase. Further, we also need to considerRead MoreCreative Proposals And Innovative Solutions855 Words   |  4 Pages 3. Creative proposals and innovative solutions Taking into consideration that nowadays grocery store market is extremely highly competitive in all segments and formats (Biedronka,Carrefour, Auchan , Lidl†¦). One can also observe the evolution of attitudes among consumers who, encouraged by the low prices of basic products, increasingly purchased luxury goods, which only recently appeared regularly on shopping lists. French wines, Greek olives and SpanishRead MoreB2b Ecommerce Best Practices Guide1019 Words   |  5 PagesB2B eCommerce Best Practices Guide -- Accounts Best Practice for Managing B2B Customers Who Purchase On Account B2B buying decisions are no longer simple matters that the company president or purchasing manager decides based on long-term loyalty, cronyism or the ability to get a good deal. Customers are following a more complex decision-making process that involves using platform-enabled support services and assessing each B2B company’s credibility, ordering convenience, ability to customize productsRead MoreStarbucks s Customer Service Performance1622 Words   |  7 Pagesshopper program and then rated as basic or legendary. The other mechanism to collect customer service performance data is through Starbucks’ stored value card (SVC). The SVC is similar to a gift card but it offers rewards. The customer must register the card with Starbucks and then every purchase results in reward points. The more the customer uses the card, the more reward points are earned that can be used for discounts on future purchases. This mechanism allows Starbucks to track loyal customers andRead Mo reCineplex Entertainment: the Loyalty Program1691 Words   |  7 PagesAs the Cineplex customer surveys of 2006 have indicated, the customers are responding very positively on possible movie rewards program. Theres a need to create a CRM-system for Cineplex and also rewards program that both improves customer loyalty and enables more efficient new customer acquisition. Even though the CRM-program may feel expensive, it is worth the price and thats shown in this document. Getting more information about our customers is a key factor in developing our business forwardRead MoreAnalysis Of Sears Holding Corporation ( Shld )1445 Words   |  6 PagesIn some cases, SHLD offers prices that are 50% higher than Wal-Mart and Target (Matarese, 2013). The high level of competition and pricing may cause SHLD to lose business and lose control of their bargaining power. SHLD’s current marketing scheme (loyalty program) seems to be working; however, in order to accurately access SHLDâ€℠¢s marketing needs, a survey has been dispersed. In addition to the survey, research has been completed to meet the requested needs of individuals who were involved in the surveyRead MoreMeasuring Customer Service at American Express1367 Words   |  6 Pageswith their financial planning as well as offers numerous amounts of credit card products and travel assistance. They have many products and services that are used throughout the world by consumers and businesses. As American Express moves towards the future, like most credit card companies, they want to be competitive and responsive to the needs of the consumer. American Express sends out customer service surveys to the card members that call in to the telephone service center. The surveys are sentRead MoreThe Collective Action Problem: The Number One Problem Affecting Shareholders1621 Words   |  7 Pagesregulates the form of the proxy and the proxy statement. For the election of directors, the card must allow a shareholder to withhold a vote on directors as a group or individuals. A nominee cannot be elected if he is not named in the proxy card. For other matters, shareholders must have a chance to vote for or against each matter to be acted on. A s/h can give her proxy holder discretionary voting power if the proxy card states in boldface type how the proxy holder intents to vote, The proxy holder must

Media Communication Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Media Communication and Culture. Answer: Introduction: Global media is one of the popular technologies of todays world. It has a very strong influence in our social and cultural life, and also affects our everyday routine. There is a bright connection between global media and our cultures. Without global media, the culture will deteriorate. This new technology named global media has changed our conceptions towards a culture of other countries. With the help of this global media flow, the different components of a culture are evolving and striving itself. How global media flows changed understanding towards the culture of a nation: Global media affects the cultural civilisation of a country in a broad way. It helps us to see the culture of a country in a different viewpoint. The boughs of global media, such as communication portals, broadcasting channels enter into a country and influence their social and cultural life (Peng, 2016). To know about the culture and ethnicity of a nation, people mainly depend upon the universal media. Some examples would be sufficed. India is a big country, and the global media flows spread the Indian culture all over the world. Indian entertainment programs are popular among every nation. The global media flows give information about the movie industry and also depicts the Indian cinema cultures. Through this global media, people from other nations could gain the knowledge about Indian cultural civilisation and their impacts. This could help to change their understanding towards Indian culture. Another great example would be Australia. Australia is another big country, and the mov ing platform of Australia influences the whole world. Australian fashion industry provides the latest trends which are very popular universally. People eagerly wait for the launch of new fashion trends. Their TV series and comic series are famous and being watched by the whole world. In fact, their news channels also help other people to know about the present political and economic situations. Apart from that, Australia has another strong cultural source; that is their amusement resource. The global media flow is an anchor between the Australian cultural programs and the world. With the help of this medium, people will understand the Australian culture and their influences. The global media flow has an enormous impact on the inhabitants of a country. Now, these impacts may be positive or negative. A detailed discuss the consequences would be sufficed. In today's world, with the help of modernised media, people can know everything without giving any effort (Karush, 2012). It also affects the intellectual assortment of a nation. Now, this upgraded global media has some positive and negative aspects. The positive aspects of global media flows are: Media supplies the trending news and updates the people with the present situation of the world. This way people can gather any data about any country from their home. Global media helps to let people edifying about the world trends. Precision is another positive outcome of global media flow. They provide the news of a country with precision. This precision would diminish the doubt factor among the people. It also works as a medium of amusement. By watching different movies of different countries, people can understand their culture, language, thinking, fashion, etc (Sparks, 2013). Another essential positive outcome of global media is that it talks about sensitive matters and alerts the normal people. Child labour, injustices to the rape victims, girl child's importance, education of girls are the most sensitive topics that can be acknowledged through the platform of global media. There are some negative aspects of global media also present. These negative outcomes are: Global media has a bad influence on the young generation. For example, world television has made a lot of crime shows that mainly alerts the human being about the various crimes and the mental instability of the criminals. These crime shows have a good intention, but it results in a negative way among the youth. The teenagers take ideas from these shows and commit crime. A survey among the young criminals was conducted by the American Government. The survey shows that almost 80% of those criminals have taken their crime ideas from television shows and serials. Sometimes media shows their partiality for some news or political parties. It affects the collective judgment in a negative way. People get confused whether to believe the media or to trust their instinct (Shome, 2012). There are some examples of global media that help us to understand the cultures of a country. Let us discuss the functions and impacts of these models. News: News channels are a strong example of global media flow. These channels provide the news of different countries and also explain the current status of those countries. News helps people to change their thinking about a countrys cultural and social affairs. For example, the terrorist attacks in Jerusalem, India are giving people information about the pathetic condition of those countries. It influences the thinking of the inhabitants. On the other hand, the cultural programs (Republic day programs, etc.) of a country spread the cultural richness of a country. Some vital cultural functions also influence the understanding of people towards the cultural ethnicity of a country. Apart from that, with the help of news channels, the political and economic status of a nation is also known to the world. Entertainment channels: Entertainment channels are another part of global media portal. There are so many cultural programs that have been conducted by the entertainment channels of global media. For example, the mythological and cultural serials of Indian television depict the common family cultures, the relations between in-laws and daughter-in-law, etc. The mythological programs exaggerate the power of Gods and their epic stories. These types of entertaining series help the people to know about the heritage and rich culture of India. A great example of this channel would be the fashion channels of America. These channels conduct many fashion shows and contests. Through the help of this portal, people get to know about the latest fashions and latest trends. It also changes the thinking of individuals about the Australian cultures. Sports channels are another entertaining medium that helps people to know about the cultural plays and sports of different countries (Chopra and Gajjala, 2012). Blogs: Blogs and magazines depict the artistic and intellectual attributes of a nation. These characteristics help people to gather knowledge about the diverse cultures of a country. This knowledge affects their judgments about those countries. Social media: Social media is another important example of global media flow. Internet, Facebook, Twitter highlights the enriching aspects of every country. For example, the amazing facts about a country can be known through the social media. Effects of global media on the culture of a country: Global media has a vital effect on the culture of a nation. The global media evolves the political structure of a country. Politicians can reach out to the citizens and convince them to make a credible Government. The common culture of a nation is also influenced by the media. Globalisation has made easy to communicate with other peoples through global media. Apart from that global media helped to create a civilisation based on acquaintance. It also spreads culture and education all around the world (Oldenburg, 2016). The global media is making a revolutionised change in the whole world. People are getting aware of every small thing that is happening around them. All these factors of global media play a significant role in the cultural enrichment of a country. Culture and global media are interrelated: It is true that culture and global media are co-related. Both of them shape each other. Just as global media has an enormous impact on culture; similarly culture plays an important role in the formation of global media. Culture supplies the core ingredients, by which global media creates news and other programs. In short, culture works as an asset of global media flow. Every work of global media, whether amusement or news, is taken from the cultural activities of a country. Culture is the key feature of international media, and global media is the key anchor of culture. The interrelation between culture and media helps people to understand the local and international cultures. Thus the opinions of the people about different countries and their cultures go through modification and changes (Bryfonski, 2012). Conclusion: Media is one of the strongest social platform in today's world. This media is expanded all over the world and became the global media. Various aspects of the global media enable the citizens of a country to gather local and international information. This report depicts the unique cultures of different countries. The elaborate discussion about the cultural attributes of a nation influences the understanding of people towards that country. Thus the global media flow changes the viewpoint of people towards the culture and social status of other countries. References: Bryfonski, D. (2012). The global impact of social media. 1st ed. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press. Chopra, R. and Gajjala, R. (2012). Global Media, Culture, and Identity. 1st ed. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Karush, M. (2012). Culture of class. 1st ed. Durham: Duke University Press. Oldenburg, S. (2016). Book Review: Mediatized Worlds: Culture and Society in a Media Age. Media, Culture Society. Peng, W. (2016). Sino-US film coproduction: A global media primer. Global Media and China, 1(4), pp.295-311. Shome, R. (2012). Asian modernities: Culture, politics and media. Global Media and Communication, 8(3), pp.199-214. Sparks, C. (2013). Global media studies: its development and dilemmas. Media, Culture Society, 35(1), pp.121-131.